TB500 2mg

Thymosins are small proteins found in many animal tissues. They are so called because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most of them are now known to be present in many other tissues. Thymosins have a variety of biological activities, and two thymosins α1 and β4 in particular have potentially important medical applications, some of which are already used in clinics rather than laboratories.

TB-500 is a short peptide or fragment of the natural hormone Thymosin Beta 4. TB-500 is not Thymosin Beta 4, although it is often sold under that name. In the body, Thymosin Beta 4 is released by the thymus, a more important gland in children, which atrophies in adulthood and is practically absent in the elderly. It is also produced locally in various cells and, in particular, is found in wound secretions, as well as in a rather high concentration in the cypotlasma of some cells. Various studies have found that Thymosin Beta 4 can promote various forms of wound healing by promoting stem cell differentiation and reducing inflammation.

The peptide sequence of TB-500 corresponds to the active region of Thymosin Beta 4 and shares many and perhaps all of the properties of Thymosin Beta 4 while being cheaper to produce. TB-500 can be used to promote healing, increase range of motion in an injury, or reduce pain in an injury by reducing inflammation. Currently, TB-500 is of great interest to athletes and bodybuilders who see it as a way to achieve faster post-workout recovery. Furthermore, it is generally considered an aid in the treatment of sports injuries and a kind of protection against injuries.

Mechanism of action

Among the thymoses, the Thymosin Beta 4 peptide is considered the most abundant, best studied and probably the most biologically active member of the beta thymose family. Since the molecule Thymosin Beta 4 is an actin-binding peptide, it regulates actin polymerization and, consequently, regulates cell migration, which is important for the process of angiogenesis, the regeneration of damaged tissues. It has been repeatedly demonstrated in various cellular models and at the organismal level that the Thymosin Beta 4 molecule has unique cardioprotective properties, participates in the stimulation of angiogenesis in conditions of cardiac muscle ischemia, blocks proapoptotic cascades in cardiomyocytes and, vice versa, activates intracellular signaling pathways responsible for cell survival under stress. The regenerative potential of the Thymosin Beta 4 molecule is actively studied in other areas of medicine.

The activity of this molecule is manifested in the treatment of trophic ulcers, wounds and burns of the human cornea. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, Tr4 has established itself as an active ingredient in preparations for the treatment of signs of skin inflammation-chronic dermatitis. Thymosin Beta 4 also activates the formation and growth of blood vessels (angiogenesis), carries out the differentiation of stem cells.

With such a wide range of potentially beneficial activities, it is not surprising that Thymosin Beta 4 is attracting a lot of attention from both drug developers and commercial facilities working in the field of cosmetic chemistry, as anti-inflammatory effects, accelerated wound healing and tissue regeneration are important. it is crucial in the restoration of various muscles, including cardiac and anti-aging approaches, for example, to stimulate hair growth. The ClinicalTrials.gov database currently contains 11 Phase 1-3 clinical trials of Thymosin Beta 4, of which 6 have been completed.

Healing from wounds

Thymosin Beta 4 plays a vital role in the repair and regeneration of damaged cells and tissues. Following injury, Thymosin Beta 4 is released by platelets, macrophages, and many other cell types to protect cells and tissues from further damage and reduce apoptosis, inflammation, and microbial growth. Thymosin Beta 4 binds to actin and promotes cell migration, including the mobilization, migration and differentiation of stem/progenitor cells that form new blood vessels and regenerate tissues. Thymosin Beta 4 also reduces the number of myofibroblasts in wounds, resulting in reduced scarring and fibrosis.

TB-500 supports the treatment of muscle, tendon and ligament injuries. Accelerates healing and reduces the intensity of inflammation. The TB-500 may be recommended in acute injury cases where, in experience, recovery may be slow, or in chronic injury cases where recovery simply does not occur. The types of injuries for which this medication may be used include tendonitis and muscle strains or spasms, as well as various types of muscle and connective tissue injuries, as well as skin injuries. Furthermore, it reduces the risk of pathological adhesions and interstitial adhesions, which can interfere with tissue mobility. No less often this peptide is used for protective purposes. It has a positive effect on muscle tension, helps to maintain sufficient flexibility in tendons and ligaments and can therefore help reduce the risk of injury. TB-500 can significantly accelerate the healing of superficial wounds, cuts and burns while reducing the risk of unsightly scarring. This has been confirmed in several clinical studies. One of these involved patients with bedsores. Their administration of Thymosin Beta 4 significantly accelerated wound healing. The treatment appeared to be safe and well tolerated. Two independent phase 2 clinical studies evaluated the safety and efficacy of the gel in the treatment of 143 patients with chronic cutaneous pressure ulcers and trophic venous ulcers, the majority of patients had varicose veins and open ulcerations. The recovery rate in patients who received the average dose (0.02%) was about a month faster than in those who received placebo or other doses of Thymosin Beta 4.

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TB-500 can be used in ophthalmology. It is used in the treatment of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratopathy. Animal studies have shown that it promotes rapid and complete healing of damaged corneas. It is worth noting that research in this area has been conducted not only on animals, but also on humans. Patients with moderate to severe dry eye symptoms who received TB-500 eye drops reported significant and long-lasting improvement. In most people, the symptoms of the disease do not return after treatment ends.

The cardiovascular system

Scientists suggest that the healing properties of Thymosin Beta 4 can be used to regenerate human heart muscle damaged by a heart attack or other heart disease. Rodent studies have shown that the administration of Thymosin beta 4 stimulates the formation of new myocardial cells from inactive precursor cells present in the lining of the heart. Furthermore, in damaged myocardium, it has been discovered that Thymosin Beta 4 promotes angiogenesis and, thanks to its antifibrotic effect, has a positive effect on the remodeling of myocardial cells.

The peptide is known to promote cardiac cell migration, survival and recovery, as has been demonstrated in embryonic and postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cultures; cell survival was improved. Furthermore, in in vivo experiments after coronary artery ligation in mice, treatment with Thymosin Beta 4 resulted in increased early myocyte survival and improved cardiac function. Thymosin Beta 4 facilitates epicardial neovascularization in both injured and healthy adult mammalian hearts, as has been demonstrated in an in vivo mouse model. Thymosil Beta 4 significantly improved long-term neurological recovery in a rat stroke model.

These results suggest that Thymosin Beta 4 may have significant therapeutic potential in humans to protect the myocardium and promote cardiomyocyte survival in the acute stages of coronary heart disease. Already in 2007, more than 15 studies were conducted on animals, including primates, on the pharmacology and toxicology of thymosin Beta 4 in various dosage forms, and its good tolerability and low toxicity were demonstrated.

The peptide has also been studied in humans for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction, according to a phase 1 and 2 clinical protocol to evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics in healthy collaborators and patients. During the phase 2 study the drug appeared to be well tolerated and safe, but the trials were interrupted and the reasons are unknown.

The presence of numerous data obtained in animal and in vitro models, which speak of the effectiveness of Thymosin Beta 4 in damage to the cardiovascular and peripheral nervous system, still leaves hope for the success of the drug in humans at its right concentration or in combination with other drugs.

Hair growth

Scientists conducted a series of studies in animal models to see how TB-500 affects hair growth. After analyzing the results, they concluded that this peptide can promote the development of stem cells in hair follicles, as well as promote their differentiation and migration. This action is believed to accelerate hair growth. Supposedly, thymus peptides have been proposed as anti-alopecia (baldness) agents that prevent hair loss by inhibiting the catagen phase. The catagen phase is notable because during this period, which lasts about two weeks, the hair follicle shrinks due to the onset of tooth decay and the hair papilla “rests,” cutting the hair off from the blood supply that feeds it. On the other hand, there is evidence to indicate that thymosin beta 4 has a subtle but distinct effect on human hair shaft production in vitro, which the authors attribute to a reduction in the anagen phase (the physical growth of hair). On Internet forums you can find posts about patients suffering from androgenetic alopecia who have decided to undergo TB-500 treatment. According to them, the peptide is very effective: it not only prevents hair loss, but also stimulates its growth.

Nervous system

The presence of Thymosin Beta 4 has been found in the cells of the central nervous system. It is hypothesized to play a protective role in the nervous system and to some extent influence synaptogenesis, axonal growth, cell migration and brain elasticity. Evidence also suggests that thymosin Beta 4 plays a role in neural development, particularly in sensory neurons. This peptide has been found to exhibit increased activity in various pathological conditions such as transient ischemic attack (TIA), Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and hippocampal sclerosis.

Correcting the inflammatory response and consequences of tissue inflammation resulting from neurological injury is vital to neurological recovery, and Thymosin Beta 4 improves vascular remodeling of the nervous system and elasticity of the central nervous system, leading to neurological recovery in many neurobiological diseases. Due to the significant role of thymosin Beta 4 in oligodendrocytes, neurons, and microglial cells in neurological recovery, it has been suggested that thymosin Beta 4 regulates proinflammatory Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by upregulating miR-146a in neurological disorders.

Effects

• Accelerates the recovery of muscles, ligaments, joints and skin. It has a pronounced repair potential on many tissues.
• Anti-inflammatory effect
• Angiogenesis is the growth of new vessels in muscles, which improves their nutrition
• Presumed protective and restorative effect on the nervous system
• Stimulates the secretion of luteinizing hormone and, consequently, testosterone
• Increases tissue sensitivity to insulin
• It is a cardioprotector and reduces the risk of myocardial infarction, restores the myocardium. It also has regenerative properties in myocardial ischemia.
• It has anti-inflammatory properties
• Positive effect on the growth of hair follicles
• Positive effect on the healing of damaged corneas in the treatment of dry eye syndrome and neurotrophic keratopathy.

Side effects

•  Possible redness and pain at the injection site

How to use

Loading phase: dose of 2-6 mg per week divided into two injections (e.g. 2 mg each: Monday, Wednesday). The duration is 1 month. Maintenance phase: 2-4 mg per week divided into 2 injections. Duration approximately 1-2 months.

Alternative schedule: loading dose of 10 mg in the first week (at 1-2 mf per day), then 5 mg per week (optimally divided into 2 injections) for 5 weeks and a maintenance dose of 10 mg per month (2 mg after 6 days) is optimal and effective according to the opinion of many athletes who use TB-500. The protocol mentioned above is the most popular. It is possible that as knowledge accumulates, the method of use will change.

Combination with other drugs

It is possible to increase the effect for tissue regeneration when TB-500 is combined with growth hormone, GHRP or GHRH. In case of tendon injuries and bone fractures it is better to additionally use BPC-157. This is a fairly common practice, and their combination provides a pronounced synergistic regenerative effect.

How to prepare a solution

To prepare an injectable solution, you take a syringe already containing a diluent and inject it into a vial containing a lyophilized powder. Tilt the vial so that the needle touches the wall of the vial. Avoid injecting the diluent directly into the lyophilized powder. The solvent should flow slowly down the wall of the vial (do not fill all at once and take your time. Once all of the diluent has been added to the peptide vial, mix gently (but do not shake or shake the vial) until the peptide will be freeze-dried. The powder has dissolved and remains a clear liquid. Now the drug is ready for use.

Never mix one peptide with another in the same syringe. This creates the risk that the fragile peptide molecules will be destroyed.

Usage

• The injection can be subcutaneous or intramuscular depending on personal preference.

Archiving

• The resulting solution can be stored for approximately 21 days in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-8°C. The shelf life increases if the solution has been prepared using bacteriostatic water.